1214: Battle of Bouvines secures the French monarchy. 1095 AD: Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont. 1799: Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in a coup. 1453: End of the Hundred Years' War. 2002: Euro replaces the French franc. 1789: French Revolution begins with the storming of the Bastille. 1814: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba. 1804: Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French. 1431: Joan of Arc is burned at the stake. 1815: Napoleon escapes from Elba and returns to power in the Hundred Days. 1995: Jacques Chirac becomes President. 843: Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire. 1589: Henry IV becomes the first Bourbon King of France. 1685: Louis XIV revokes the Edict of Nantes. 1209-1229: Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars in southern France. 1830: July Revolution overthrows King Charles X. 600 BC: Greeks establish a colony in Marseille. 1944: D-Day invasion begins the liberation of France. 1919: Treaty of Versailles ends World War I. 2019: Notre-Dame de Paris fire. 58 BC: Julius Caesar invades Gaul (modern-day France). 1302: Estates-General 1815: Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo and exiled to Saint Helena. 2015: Charlie Hebdo and November Paris attacks. 1852: Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte declares himself Emperor Napoleon III. 1643: Louis XIV becomes King of France. 2007: Nicolas Sarkozy becomes President. 2012: François Hollande becomes President. 1534: Jacques Cartier claims Canada for France. 1337-1453: Hundred Years' War between England and France. 1598: Henry IV issues the Edict of Nantes, granting religious freedom to Protestants. 1914-1918: France fights in World War I. 2020: France is hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. 1981: François Mitterrand becomes the first Socialist President of the Fifth Republic. 1968: May 1968 protests shake France. 1916: Battle of Verdun, one of the deadliest battles of World War I. 987 AD: Hugh Capet is elected King, beginning the Capetian dynasty. 1871: Paris Commune is established and then crushed. 843 AD: Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire into three parts. 732: Battle of Tours halts the advance of Islam into Western Europe. 1515: Francis I becomes King of France. 1939-1945: France fights in World War II. 1793: Louis XVI is executed. 1958: Fifth Republic is established with Charles de Gaulle as President. 987: Hugh Capet is elected king, founding the Capetian dynasty. 1848: February Revolution establishes the Second Republic. 1954-1962: Algerian War of Independence. 1429: Joan of Arc leads the French army to victory at Orleans. 1494-1559: Italian Wars between France and Spain. 1715: Death of Louis XIV, Louis XV becomes king. 2018-2019: Yellow vests movement protests. 52 BC: Vercingetorix, a Gallic chieftain, is defeated by Julius Caesar. 800 AD: Charlemagne is crowned Emperor of the Romans. 2017: Emmanuel Macron becomes President. 50,000 BC: First evidence of human habitation in France. 1870: Franco-Prussian War begins. 1610: Henry IV is assassinated. 1066 AD: William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, invades England. 1946: Fourth Republic is established. 486 AD: Clovis I becomes the first King of the Franks. 1889: Eiffel Tower is completed for the Paris Exposition.

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