Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, 1826/27. The earliest surviving camera photograph. ~8 hour exposure. University of Texas at Austin.
From Wikipedia
View from the Window at Le Gras is the oldest surviving photograph. It was created by French inventor Nicéphore Niépce between June 4 and July 18, 1827, in Saint-Loup-de-Varennes, France, and shows parts of the buildings and surrounding countryside of his estate, Le Gras, as seen from a high window. The image was created by heliography, a process which Niépce had invented around 1822, and which uses the hardening of bitumen in light to record an image after washing off the remaining unhardened material.