The first human-like species, Homo erectus, appeared on Earth about 1.8 million years ago. The first known genetically modified organism, a bacterium, was created in the United States around 1973 AD. The first known steam engine, the Newcomen engine, was invented in England around 1712 AD. The first known photograph, View from the Window at Le Gras, was taken in France around 1826 AD. The first known computer, the ENIAC, was built in the United States around 1946 AD. The universe is estimated to be 13.8 billion years old. The first known written language, cuneiform, appeared in Mesopotamia around 3000 BC. The first known democracy, Athens, appeared in Greece around 500 BC. The first known electric light bulb, the Edison bulb, was invented in the United States around 1879 AD. The first known paper money, the Chinese jiaozi, appeared in China around 800 AD. The first known human on the moon, Neil Armstrong, was launched in the United States around 1969 AD. The first known powered flight, the Wright Flyer, was flown in the United States around 1903 AD. The Earth is estimated to be 4.5 billion years old. The first known artificial heart, the Jarvik-7, was implanted in the United States around 1982 AD. The first known mechanical clock, the Tower of Winds, was built in Greece around 200 BC. The first known telescope, the Galilean telescope, was invented in Italy around 1609 AD. The first known library, the Library of Alexandria, was founded in Egypt around 300 BC. The first known university, the University of Alexandria, was founded in Egypt around 300 BC. The first known printing press, the Gutenberg press, was invented in Germany around 1440 AD. The first known nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, was built in the United States around 1942 AD. The first known human in space, Yuri Gagarin, was launched in the Soviet Union around 1961 AD. The first modern humans, Homo sapiens, appeared on Earth about 200,000 years ago. The first known satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched in the Soviet Union around 1957 AD. The first known civilization, Sumer, appeared in Mesopotamia around 3500 BC. The first known alphabet, Phoenician, appeared around 1000 BC.

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